Month: April 2020

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ATC 14 Pray for the Dead?

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C.S. Lewis once wrote, “Of course I pray for the dead. The action is so spontaneous, so all but inevitable, that only the most compulsive theological case against it would deter me. And I hardly know how the rest of my prayers would survive if those for the dead were forbidden. At our age, the majority of those we love are dead. What sort of intercourse with God could I have if what I love best were unmentionable to him?”

Happy Easter! Alleluia! Alleluia! Thank you for joining me for All Things Catholic. I’m your host, Deacon Rudy Villarreal, and together we are going to explore what it means to be Catholic. I recently saw what struck me as an odd question on a discussion board. The question was, “Why do Catholics pray for the dead?” That’s an interesting question, isn’t it? As a Catholic, I don’t’ think I have ever thought twice about it. But it’s a good question to explore.

We lost a dear friend this week. Between COVID-19 and the fact that she is in Honduras, well, she might as well be on Mars. So, thinking about her and our all the souls she helped and all the souls she encountered around the world, I’d like to take on that question today. Don’t forget to send me your questions either through the comment form on the website, or by email to rudy@deaconrudysnotes.org.

First, and this is important, we pray for the dead because we are grieving. We pray for the dead out of love. We pray for the dead to help our families and friends and who are suffering from the loss – and we all suffer. When Jesus heard about Lazarus’ death, he wept, John 11:39. So comforting someone who is suffering is certainly in line with what St. Paul told the Corinthians. We are part of the Body of Christ, so when one of us suffer, we all suffer, 1 Corinthians 12:26-27.

But we also pray for our friends and family that God forgive their sins and that He receive them into the light of His face. Now, we are not the only ones who pray for the dead. The Jews pray for the dead as do the Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus and at least half a dozen others. In 2 Maccabees, the Jewish leader Judas Maccabeus leads his army into battle. After the battle, they find some pagan amulets under the tunics of some of their soldiers. This was a sin against the Ten Commandments, so they pray that God shows these troops mercy (2 Maccabees 12:40, 42, 44).

Why pray for someone who is dead unless we know we will see them again? Our liturgies are designed to support us through this process. Our prayers and the liturgies of the Church recognize the spiritual bonds between the living and the dead. It affirms that all the faithful will be raised again and reunited, (Rites, 6).

But we don’t just gather to commiserate. The Easter season is a clear reminder! “The Church confidently proclaims that God has created each person for eternal life and that Jesus, the Son of God, by his death and resurrection, has broken the chains of sin and death that bound humanity,” (Rites, “Order of Christian Funerals”, 1). St. Paul tells us, “If we have died with Christ, we have faith that we shall also live with him,” (Romans 6:8). So, our prayers and our liturgies offer hope and consolation to the living. (Rites, 7).

This is important because first and foremost, our liturgies are about worshipping God. We worship God and we give thanks for the blessing of the life of the person who died and everyone they touched. We celebrate the life in Christ.

One of the most beautiful parts of the various liturgies we have for the dead is something we call the final commendation. This happens after the funeral and before the body is processed to the cemetery. In the final commendation, the entire, “community acknowledges the reality of separation and commends the deceased to God,” (Rites, 6). We give thanks for our deceased who is now returning to God. That’s a beautiful image, isn’t it?

Why do Catholics pray for the dead? We pray to thank God for the gift this person was in life. We pray to help console ourselves in our grief. And we pray for the soul of our deceased that God show them mercy for any unresolved sins in their life.

Does that make sense? Do you got it? Do you get it? Good! Now go make disciples! May Almighty God bless you, Father, Son and Holy Spirit! +Amen!

You’re listening to All Things Catholic. If you have a question you’d like me to discuss, please use the comment form on the website, or send me an email to rudy@deaconrudysnotes.org.

This episode was produced by deacon rudy’s notes. Our theme music was composed by Silent Partner. You can find all sorts of helpful information on the website at www.deaconrudysnotes.org. I’m your host, Deacon Rudy Villarreal. Join us again next time and don’t forget to check out the weekend edition where we break open the Word. He is RISEN! Alleluia! Alleluia!

References:
1. Johnson, Kevin Orlin, Ph.D. Why Do Catholics Do That? A Guide to the Teachings and Practices of the Catholic Church. New York: Ballantine Books, 1994.
2. Sheed, Frank. Theology for Beginners. Published by Beacon Publishing with permission of Servant Books, an imprint of Franciscan Media, © 1981.
3. The Bible: A Study Bible freshly translated by Nicholas King. Buxhall, Suffolk UK: Kevin Mayhew, 2013.
4. The Rites of the Catholic Church: the Roman Ritual Revised by Decree of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council and Published by the Authority of Pope Paul VI. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1990.

Catechism References: Easily search the Catechism at http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc.htm
1. I believe in the resurrection of the body, 988-91
2. Christ’s resurrection and ours, 992-1004
3. Dying in Christ, 1005-1019

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Hearts Afire

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Third Sunday of Easter Mass Readings

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First Reading: Acts 2:14, 22-33
Psalm: Psalm 16:1-2, 5, 7-8, 9-10, 11
Second Reading: 1 Peter 1:17-21
Gospel: Luke 24:13-35

http://www.usccb.org/bible/readings/042620.cfm
https://www.deaconrudysnotes.org/

Happy Easter to you on this Third Sunday of Easter! Thank you for joining me on our journey of discovery! Just a reminder, in the notes section I will list the sources I used to develop my reflection. You will also find references to the Catechism of the Catholic Church and a link so that you can explore these and other topics on your own. If you have any questions about this reflection or if you have a question about our faith life that you’d like me to research and address, please don’t hesitate to use the comment form on the website or send me an email to rudy@deaconrudysnotes.org. Every Wednesday, I tackle your questions in All Things Catholic, and every Sunday we break open the Word.

As usual, we are presented with scripture passages rich in content and meaning, but I’d like to share with you what I believe the Holy Spirit laid on my heart as I prepared this podcast.

In our first reading from Acts, the apostles are preaching the saving message of Jesus Christ. But in the second reading from First Peter, we find that this teaching is not some new fad. It’s old – ancient in fact. The Christian message is rooted in the foundations of the planet herself. And there seems to be some urgency in the readings from Acts and First Peter. They want us to know Jesus.

How is it that we come to know Jesus?

Well, it can’t come from outside of us. What I mean by that is that having an encounter with the risen Jesus Christ can’t be forced on us. Were Christ to be in our presence, we might not see him unless we were willing. Think about the objection of the disciples to Jesus’ preaching when they said, “Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked, or sick or in prison and didn’t minister to you,” (Matthew 25:37-39). Isn’t it amazing what we allow ourselves to see and not to see as we journey through life?

I would also suggest to you, although with a caveat, that we cannot come to know the risen Jesus strictly through our intellect. Don’t get me wrong, study is a wonderful way to deepen our relationship with Jesus and it is a critical part of discipleship. That’s what the study of theology is all about. But if that study is not rooted in a love for Jesus Christ – not rooted in an encounter with Jesus – then it risks being a sterile, academic endeavor. Thomas Dubay noted in his book, Fire Within, that the great spiritual experiences that come from an awareness of God do not result from reading or reasoning, (Dubay, 86). Indeed, it was intellectual hubris for a US politician to suggest that it’s only through human effort, and not God that the COVID-19 curve is flattening. <1>

Okay, so how then?

We don’t have to travel to some far distant land. We don’t have to live in a place that might seem more conducive to the spiritual life. These experiences may be helpful, but they are not essential. God has equipped us with the capability to have an encounter with the risen Lord. We do this by looking within. That’s what Teresa of Avila was trying to tell us, I think, in her descriptions about the interior castle. This doesn’t require emptying the mind and it doesn’t mean eliminating distractions. But it does mean opening ourselves up to the Holy Spirit. If we allow ourselves to open the door to our interior castles, then we have a chance to see and experience the risen Lord.

I think that’s what’s happening the Gospel from Luke today. We hear the familiar story about two demoralized disciples who left Jerusalem after the crucifixion and are now on the road to Emmaus. On their journey, they encounter a traveler and they journey together. After a while, they come to realize that the risen Jesus Christ had been with them the whole time. When did they figure it out? In the breaking of the bread. Things that they heard along the way sounded familiar and seemed to be pointing in the direction. But it wasn’t until they saw him break the bread that they realized it was Jesus who had been with them. They weren’t forced to see Jesus. They had to accept all on their own that it was Jesus.

You might be thinking, “That’s nice, deacon, but what does this have to do with me?”

We start by acknowledging that everything we have and everything we are flows from the source of life which is God Himself. We have to reject the intellectual arrogance that I am in control and that I and I alone can make things happen. What is it that sets your heart aflame? For example, do you remember the first time you ever held a baby in your arms? Maybe it was your first child or perhaps a new niece or nephew, or your friend’s baby. How did you feel? Take a second and try to connect with that feeling. How would you describe your feelings? Now substitute the words of the Gospel: were are hearts not burning!

My brothers and sisters, every time we’ve experienced love, we’ve experienced the God who is love. I want you to imagine yourself standing at your kitchen counter, for example looking out the window as you come to accept that the love you experience is God. As you imagine this scene, you slowly turn to face the beautiful but not blinding light coming from the center of your home. As Teresa of Avila describes the light radiating from the center of the interior castle, that light is Jesus Christ. Imagine yourself basking in that light.

Jesus left us His church and He empowered the Church with the sacraments to help draw us deeper into that beautifully divine light. But like the disciples on the road to Emmaus, he will not force us to accept him. We have to open ourselves to the possibility of an encounter with the risen Jesus Christ. Are you ready?

Homework! After listening to the Word of God proclaimed and making and Act of Spiritual Communion, I encourage you to reflect on the following two questions.

  1. First, were not our hearts burning within us while he spoke? How do I hear Jesus speaking to me?
  2. Second, what is it about my faith that excites me so much that I want to share it?

I think doing our homework will help us have an encounter with the risen Jesus Christ and engage in the evangelical work of discipleship. Do you got it? Do you get it? Good! Now go make disciples! May Almighty God bless you, Father, Son and Holy Spirit! +Amen!

Notes:
<1> Governor Cuomo tells CNN that the COVID-19 curve is bending in New York. I realize this is one tiny quote out of larger interview, but it certainly makes a statement. “Our behavior has stopped the spread of the virus. God did not stop the spread of the virus. And what we do, how we act, will dictate how that virus spreads.” To watch the interview, see Gov. Andrew Cuomo: We have a constitution, not a king. For another take on his remarks, see Bishop Barron on Governor Cuomo and the Nature of God.

References:
1. Dubay, Thomas. Fire Within: St. Teresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross, and the Gospel—On Prayer. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989.
2. Gadenz, Pablo T. The Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2018.
3. Keating, Daniel. First and Second Peter, Jude. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2011.
4. Kurz, William S. Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2013.
5. Lectio Divina Of The Gospels. Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2019.
6. The Bible: A Study Bible freshly translated by Nicholas King. Buxhall, Suffolk UK: Kevin Mayhew, 2013.

Catechism References: Easily search the Catechism at http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc.htm
1. Christ is the key to interpreting Scripture, 102, 426-29, 601, 2763
2. Jesus reveals and fulfills Scripture, 112, 555, 572, 601, 652, 1094
3. Calling on the name of Jesus, 432, 2666
4. Jesus, the Lamb offered for our sins, 457, 604-5, 608, 615-16, 1476, 1992
5. Jesus’ signs and wonders, 547-50
6. Culpability for Jesus’ death, 591, 597-99
7. Redemption in Christ, 602
8. Jesus’ body preserved from corruption, 627
9. Jesus appears to Simon Peter, 641
10. The apostles and disciples as witnesses of the Resurrection, 642-44, 857, 995-96
11. Disciples demoralized by Jesus’ death, 643
12. Jesus’ risen body, 659
13. Prophecies of the Holy Spirit, 715
14. Jesus appears in the breaking of the bread, 1329
15. From the Scriptures to the Eucharist, 1346-47 16. Call to holiness, 2012-16

Third Sunday of Easter
Mass Readings http://www.usccb.org/bible/readings/042620.cfm
Lectionary: 46

First Reading
ACTS 2:14, 22-33
Then Peter stood up with the Eleven,
raised his voice, and proclaimed:
“You who are Jews, indeed all of you staying in Jerusalem.
Let this be known to you, and listen to my words.
You who are Israelites, hear these words.
Jesus the Nazarene was a man commended to you by God
with mighty deeds, wonders, and signs,
which God worked through him in your midst, as you yourselves know.
This man, delivered up by the set plan and foreknowledge of God,
you killed, using lawless men to crucify him.
But God raised him up, releasing him from the throes of death,
because it was impossible for him to be held by it.
For David says of him:
I saw the Lord ever before me,
with him at my right hand I shall not be disturbed.
Therefore my heart has been glad and my tongue has exulted;
my flesh, too, will dwell in hope,
because you will not abandon my soul to the netherworld,
nor will you suffer your holy one to see corruption.
You have made known to me the paths of life;
you will fill me with joy in your presence.

“My brothers, one can confidently say to you
about the patriarch David that he died and was buried,
and his tomb is in our midst to this day.
But since he was a prophet and knew that God had sworn an oath to him
that he would set one of his descendants upon his throne,
he foresaw and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ,
that neither was he abandoned to the netherworld
nor did his flesh see corruption.
God raised this Jesus;
of this we are all witnesses.
Exalted at the right hand of God,
he received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father
and poured him forth, as you see and hear.”

Responsorial
Psalm 16:1-2, 5, 7-8, 9-10, 11
R. (11a) Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Keep me, O God, for in you I take refuge;
I say to the LORD, “My Lord are you.”
O LORD, my allotted portion and my cup,
you it is who hold fast my lot.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
I bless the LORD who counsels me;
even in the night my heart exhorts me.
I set the LORD ever before me;
with him at my right hand I shall not be disturbed.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Therefore my heart is glad and my soul rejoices,
my body, too, abides in confidence;
because you will not abandon my soul to the netherworld,
nor will you suffer your faithful one to undergo corruption.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.
You will show me the path to life,
abounding joy in your presence,
the delights at your right hand forever.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
or:
R. Alleluia.

Second Reading
1 PT 1:17-21
Beloved:
If you invoke as Father him who judges impartially
according to each one’s works,
conduct yourselves with reverence during the time of your sojourning,
realizing that you were ransomed from your futile conduct,
handed on by your ancestors,
not with perishable things like silver or gold
but with the precious blood of Christ
as of a spotless unblemished lamb.

He was known before the foundation of the world
but revealed in the final time for you,
who through him believe in God
who raised him from the dead and gave him glory,
so that your faith and hope are in God.

Alleluia
Luke 24:32
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Lord Jesus, open the Scriptures to us;
make our hearts burn while you speak to us.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.

Gospel
Luke 24:13-35
That very day, the first day of the week,
two of Jesus’ disciples were going
to a village seven miles from Jerusalem called Emmaus,
and they were conversing about all the things that had occurred.
And it happened that while they were conversing and debating,
Jesus himself drew near and walked with them,
but their eyes were prevented from recognizing him.
He asked them,
“What are you discussing as you walk along?”
They stopped, looking downcast.
One of them, named Cleopas, said to him in reply,
“Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem
who does not know of the things
that have taken place there in these days?”
And he replied to them, “What sort of things?”
They said to him,
“The things that happened to Jesus the Nazarene,
who was a prophet mighty in deed and word
before God and all the people,
how our chief priests and rulers both handed him over
to a sentence of death and crucified him.
But we were hoping that he would be the one to redeem Israel;
and besides all this,
it is now the third day since this took place.
Some women from our group, however, have astounded us:
they were at the tomb early in the morning
and did not find his body;
they came back and reported
that they had indeed seen a vision of angels
who announced that he was alive.
Then some of those with us went to the tomb
and found things just as the women had described,
but him they did not see.”
And he said to them, “Oh, how foolish you are!
How slow of heart to believe all that the prophets spoke!
Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things
and enter into his glory?”
Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets,
he interpreted to them what referred to him
in all the Scriptures.
As they approached the village to which they were going,
he gave the impression that he was going on farther.
But they urged him, “Stay with us,
for it is nearly evening and the day is almost over.”
So he went in to stay with them.
And it happened that, while he was with them at table,
he took bread, said the blessing,
broke it, and gave it to them.
With that their eyes were opened and they recognized him,
but he vanished from their sight.
Then they said to each other,
“Were not our hearts burning within us
while he spoke to us on the way and opened the Scriptures to us?”
So they set out at once and returned to Jerusalem
where they found gathered together
the eleven and those with them who were saying,
“The Lord has truly been raised and has appeared to Simon!”
Then the two recounted
what had taken place on the way
and how he was made known to them in the breaking of bread.

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ATC 13 What’s in a Kiss

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What’s in a kiss? Everything!

Happy Easter! That’s right, we are still in the Easter season. Alleluia! Alleluia! Thank you for joining me for All Things Catholic on this Wednesday during the Second Week of Easter. I’m your host, Deacon Rudy Villarreal, and together we are going to explore what it means to be Catholic. Here’s a question that’s been on the back burner for a while: why do priests and deacons kiss the altar? I’m so glad you asked! Don’t forget to send me your questions either through the comment form on the website, or by email to rudy@deaconrudysnotes.org.

Perhaps you’ve been at mass and seen the priest and deacon kiss the altar at the beginning of mass and at the end of mass. Or perhaps you’ve been watching a live-streamed mass during this time of social distancing and “remain home” initiatives and you’ve noticed the Pope, or your bishop kiss the altar. Either way, why do they kiss the altar at all? What’s in a kiss?

Well, as with so many things Catholic, the practice of kissing or venerating the altar has a long history in the Church, what we would refer to as “tradition” spelled with a little “t”. And there are some excellent articles out there that describe the history and even some of the current church practice or norms around kissing the altar. I will list some of these articles at the bottom of my podcast notes under “Further Reading”.

I don’t want to spend too much time repeating all this wisdom, but just a quick note about vocabulary. The intellectual tradition of the western world is deeply rooted in Greek thought. One of the effects of Greek thinking on us is that we in the west have this tendency to want to classify and name things and organize topics in like categories. The Church is no exception. For this reason, Church vocabulary can be a bit confusing. But just hang in there.

Suffice it to say, that very early in the life of the Church, perhaps within the first three hundred years, this practice began and gained in popularity among the clergy. Today, this practice is required in Church documents which we call “norms”. The primary document is called the General Instructions to the Roman Missal or the GIRM. In fact, in the GIRM for each type of mass, kissing the altar is all of one short sentence, (for example No. 49). Nothing more. No explanation or footnotes.

There are too many reasons to try to capture here. Let’s explore some of the reasons. The altar is the place of the “living sacrifice”. So, kissing the altar is a sign of veneration, which means an act of reverence and respect. The altar also symbolizes Christ the cornerstone of our faith – the stone rejected by the builders. So, kissing the altar shows unity between Christ and His church.

During the times of persecutions when Christians would hide and even hold mass in the catacombs, they worshipped literally on the bones of the martyrs. While it’s not always the case in newer churches, a custom developed in which the remains of martyrs were often entombed beneath the altar or even within the altar. Even a piece of the martyr or other saint might be placed in a small cavity within or beneath the altar. These small pieces of the bone of martyrs or saints are called “relics”. Well actually, because these are pieces of the martyr or saint, they are called “first class relics”. <1> So, kissing an altar with relics is also an acknowledgment of the great works of the martyr or other saint on behalf of Jesus Christ.

This is all important, of course, but in my opinion, these are tangential to the heart of matter. I can assure you that while it might be in the rules, the clergy do not kiss the altar because we are “required”.

Why is it important for a husband and wife to kiss before they run off for work in the morning or when they return home at the end of the day? I am no poet, so it’s difficult to put this into words, but at its core, a simple kiss – even a peck on the check while parting or returning – is so important. It’s an acknowledgment of course, and an affirmation. But there’s so much more to it that! In a healthy relationship, it’s all in a kiss!

In the brief seconds of that kiss, we step off the hamster wheel of life and we are present to each other. A kiss fosters bonding and contentment. It is a simple expression of profound belonging. A more passionate or intimate kiss breaks the routine of the day. Instead of saying “you’re never going to believe what happened today,” we shift to, “I’m crazy about and you so happy to be here with you! It’s all good!” It can reset all the emotions from our frenzied and over-scheduled day.

Now think about the incredible pressure on your priest. On top of pressures of running the parish, he has to deal with all sorts of telephone calls and emails – some quite petty, like, “with all the babies crying in mass I can’t hear a thing. What are you going to do about it?” Or, “the catechist reprimanded my kid. Who does he think he is? What are you going to do about it?” Or, “that crazy deacon’s homily ticked me off! Why do you let him preach?” And of course, there’s the ever popular, “fix it our I’ll go to the bishop!”

Think about your priest who might hear confessions before mass. What burdens from confession does he carry as he enters the church? For bishops and the pope, the pressure is exponential. If you think a priest or a deacon always enter mass unburdened, I’m sorry to tell you it’s not true. Our clergy are humans just like everyone else, and like everyone else they have good days and they have not so good days.

Yet, as they approach the altar – as the priest and deacon kiss the alter, everything resets. All the pressures of their roles which still exist are in that instant set to the side. We are totally present to Jesus Christ. We are totally present to His bride, the Church. And we are present to the entire community of believers – those who came before us, those yet to be born, and those here with us now. As mass comes to end, the priest and deacon kiss the altar before they process out. In that moment of goodbye, we are saying, “I love you and I’ll be back soon.”

Of course, openness and intention are everything. But in kissing the altar like a couple who kisses, we make ourselves vulnerable. It’s a reminder that I am not the center of the universe and the world does not revolve around me. It’s a reminder that I am not alone and even more importantly a reminder of my call to serve – a call to serve the Church and a call to serve my spouse. I know all that sounds like a tall order for a kiss, but if we allow it, a kiss can be transformative. What’s in a kiss? Everything!

Do you got it? Do you get it? Good! Now go make disciples! May Almighty God bless you, Father, Son and Holy Spirit! +Amen!

You’re listening to All Things Catholic. If you have a question you’d like me to discuss, please use the comment form on the website, or send me an email to rudy@deaconrudysnotes.org.

This episode was produced by deacon rudy’s notes. Our theme music was composed by Silent Partner. You can find all sorts of helpful information on the website at www.deaconrudysnotes.org. I’m your host, Deacon Rudy Villarreal. Join us again next time and don’t forget to check out the weekend edition where we break open the Word. He is RISEN! Alleluia! Alleluia!

Notes:
<1> More on relics. A first-class relic is a piece of the physical remains of a martyr or other saint. A second-class relic is an item the saint owned and frequently used, like clothing, a rosary, a crucifix or a book. A third-class relic is anything which has been in contact with a first- or second-class relic. Today, most third-class relics are small pieces of cloth which might be attached to a prayer card.

References:
1. Catholic Church. General Instruction of the Roman Missal. Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2003.
2. The Bible: A Study Bible freshly translated by Nicholas King. Buxhall, Suffolk UK: Kevin Mayhew, 2013.

Further Reading:
1. For biblical examples of kissing as a greeting, see Michal E. Hunt, “Why Does the Priest Kiss the Altar.” AgapeBibleStudy.com, 1995. https://www.agapebiblestudy.com/documents/Why%20Does%20the%20Priest%20Kiss%20the%20Altar.htm.
2. Aaron, Shirley. “Why Do Catholic Priests Kiss the Altar at the Beginning of a Mass?” Catholic Online. September 24, 2018. Accessed April 22, 2020. http://francismary.org/why-do-catholic-priests-kiss-the-altar-at-the-beginning-of-a-mass/.
3. Chansky, Tamar. “How kissing can save your marriage, every day.” WHYY. November 30, 2015. Accessed April 22, 2020. https://whyy.org/articles/how-kissing-can-save-your-marriage-every-day/.
4. Kosloski, Philip. “This is why the priest kisses the altar at Mass.” Aleteia. July 26, 2017. Accessed April 22, 2020. https://aleteia.org/2017/07/26/this-is-why-the-priest-kisses-the-altar-at-mass/.
5. McNamara, Edward. “Deacons’ Hands on the Altar.” Zenit. August 29, 2017. Accessed April 22, 2020. https://zenit.org/articles/deacons-hands-on-the-altar/.
6. Plett, Cara. “8 tips for kissing toward a more passionate marriage.” Focus on the Family. 2013. Accessed April 22, 2020. https://www.focusonthefamily.ca/content/8-tips-for-kissing-toward-a-more-passionate-marriage.
7. “Practicing a Holy Kiss in Marriage.” Build Your Marriage. March 23, 2017. Accessed April 22, 2020. https://www.buildyourmarriage.org/practicing-a-holy-kiss-in-marriage/.
8. Rose Ezra. “The Catholic Tradition of a Priest Kissing the Altar.” Classroom. September 29, 2017. Accessed April 22, 2020. https://classroom.synonym.com/the-catholic-tradition-of-a-priest-kissing-the-altar-12087035.html.